God Cures Our Sense of Emptiness
One of man’s greatest problems is the feeling of emptiness in this life. The dry and parched land is the Bible’s frequent metaphor when harnessing about the emptiness of man’s inner self. In the Psalm, we find David experiencing a downcast soul within him: “O God, You are my God; I shall seek You earnestly; My soul thirsts for You, my flesh yearns for You, In a dry and weary land where there is no water.” (Ps 63:1)
“I am all smile on TV,” commented one popular actress, “but in my private life am so lonely, unhappy!”
At night my soul longs for You; Indeed, my spirit within me seeks You diligently. —Psalm 63:1; Isaiah 26:9
What is this feeling of meaninglessness?
It is the realization that life is emptied of real purpose. What we see and do is one passing moment just like the one wave of the sea. We can have a selfie in five-star hotels of the great cities of the world. But inside our breast remains a thirsty soul that is searching for relief. This experience is familiar to all. We are insatiable. We always have a soul-searching feel of emptiness within us.
Both rich and poor have suffered from it. The educated man on the high spot or the ignorant laborer in the ditch—all men and women—have somehow been affected by it. This particular experience of the vanity of all things “under the sun,” to borrow from the book of the Ecclesiastes, is sometimes seen more clearly as we advance in age. We have a soul cast down within us—we are indeed in a lifetime search for meaning!
Have you seen someone who is almost covered with tattoos? Why paint the body? Or, why change your face through a plastic surgery only to hate it after some time? What about this news of a former Olympic champion who became a woman and transgendered at age 65? Vanity (translated meaningless in Eccl 1:2 NIV) means breath or light wind that passes away quickly. (Barnes) Life in this world is feminineness of sort, given its vanities. It seems that sense of emptiness within is the mother of all forms of pride. Let’s try to clarify the things we want to cover on this subject by answering the following twin questions, viz.: (1) What it is not?; and, (2) What is it?
What is Not Emptiness in this Discussion?
Firstly, the emptiness of heart is not about the kind of experience that is caused by sickness or extreme poverty or losing a loved one or lack of success in life. We cannot deny, however, that the feeling of something void somewhere can be alive somehow under such circumstances.
I have one good example. A high-ranking official (we all know him in our country!), charged with corruption in the government, committed suicide. Perceived as the "Mr. Trustworthy" in the public eye, he was considered successful; brilliant. He could have hired lawyers to defend his case. But he chose to kill himself!
According to psychology, suicide is caused mostly by an unstable mental health. But it was not his case. TV news didn’t mention that he had suicidal depression or had a recently experienced temporary insanity. He was just going through a perfectly deadly sense of emptiness within him. Without meaning, life then would become a constant chase at nothing—at the wind!
Hence, we need God for life’s meaning. We too, need to cry out David’s prayer: “O God, You are my God; I shall seek You earnestly; My soul thirsts for You.”
Secondly, the emptiness of heart we are discussing is not that which is caused by discontent. Discontent is sometimes the result of unfulfilled expectation. You are discontented as an actor, for example, for you thought at first that such a career was a peaceful one, but it rather proved to be the otherwise. That is not the kind of emptiness that we are covering here.
What is Emptiness in the Person's Life?
The emptiness of heart or that sense of void within—as when the soul is cast down within us—can be explained clearly through an illustration:
A certain man, son of a King, underwent a well-sheltered upbringing, for his father wanted him to be a great king. Everything around him was positive, for he was not allowed to experience the other side of life’s fence: hardship, pain, troubles, etc. Then, he became a married man and a father. One day, he had the chance of visiting a park. There he saw a sick person and a poor old man for the first time.
He saw a corpse (death) also, and the clear picture of the poor and the needy outside of his palace. Consequently, he left his family secretly and became a hermit. His name was Siddartha Gautama, Prince of Northern India, who later on became the Buddha or the enlightened one. Question number one is why did he do that, and the answer is super EMPTINESS within him. The sense of emptiness amidst the props of abundance and the positive and the good life of a king’s son.
I have another illustration. One sagacious and wealthy king lived the life of wanton indulgence. Musicians were playing good music before him as he ate. He had a flock of beautiful women (by the hundreds of them) too, for his biologic and sense-of-balance needs. He knew how to mine gold and silver. He did anything that was pleasurable to him. But he always had a deep struggle of super emptiness that was leaping like a cat in his subconscious mind. His name was King Solomon, the author of the book of the Ecclesiastes, where he said: “’Meaningless! Meaningless!’ says the Teacher. ‘Utterly meaningless! Everything is meaningless.’" (Eccl 1:2 NIV)
The above two illustrations never hinted of emptiness that was caused by poverty or a family problem, for example, for Gautama left his child and wife without any record of a marital rift. Sociology seems to indicate that divorce is associated with an increase in depression. But Gautama, a wealthy prince, did not have that prelude to his unmistakable reach of emptiness.
King Solomon also was in a perfect social, mental, and psychological state. He said that everything that he had experienced, enjoyed, owned or worked for so hard was nothing more than a piece of an enormous vanity—like the insanity of chasing after the wind.
In short, this struggle of heart emptiness within that we are discussing is truth-related emptiness. Buddha was not happy with being a prince who was prepared exclusively since birth (on April 8, 563) to be a great king, for he was more concupiscent about understanding the truth. According to legend, before Gautama’s death, he said that “I am still searching for the truth.” He died as a truth-hungry man—he died with his heart empty of the holy residence of the God of Truth, Jesus Christ!
It is a Truth-Related Emptiness
I had experienced the genuine emptiness of heart before I became a Christian. As such I could see the difference quickly. Many taught that one’s heart-searching experience—the common where-are-you-God cry of the heart—was more of an emotional hang-up that most cool people didn’t have. There are others who see the experience of a soul cast down within as something that can be remedied easily. Some said that financial success, good education, travel, marriage—or even a mere environmental improvement in one’s daily routine—can help quench the peace-thirsty soul. Such a thought is not heart-emptiness as discussed already above.
The sense of emptiness inside of us is truth-hunger and the hostile God-shaped void in the heart.
It is the demandingly inner desire for the ever satisfying truth of God and His divine presence and friendship in the life.
The famous impressionist sculpture in Paris created by Auguste Rodin in 1881 known as “The Thinker” has become a commonly recognized symbol of philosophy and learning and sometimes of a socialist movement (at least in France). “The work shows a nude male figure of over life-size sitting on a rock with his chin resting on one hand as though deep in thought, and is often used as an image to represent philosophy.”1
But if we were to consult the apostle Paul on his opinion about the appropriate representation of “The Thinker,” his comment would always be: “Professing to be wise, they became fools.” (Rom. 1:22) For, in our so-called deep thoughts we normally exclude the God of the Holy Bible; or, if we include Him, our tendency is to include Him as one of our idols. “The Thinker” was nothing more than a symbol of man’s truth-emptiness. It is the statue of a man whose soul is perturbed unceasingly within for lack of a father and child relationship with his Creator. It is an exact representation of a man being disturbed by his inherent fear of the unknown. The following is Paul’s divine message:
For even though they knew God, they did not honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became futile in their speculations, and their foolish heart was darkened. Professing to be wise, they became fools, and exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible man and of birds and four-footed animals and crawling creatures. (Rom. 1:21-23, Emp. supplied.)
For even though they knew God, they did not honor Him as God or give thanks, but they became futile in their speculations, and their foolish heart was darkened. Professing to be wise, they became fools, and exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible man and of birds and four-footed animals and crawling creatures.
We may say again that heart emptiness is truth-emptiness. It is a feeling or an experience of a broken “something” inside of us, like a flowing stream of discontent, frustration, unhappiness, the fear of death, and the boringly unending witness of the subconscious of the coming judgment and wrath of God.
I experienced driving a car with a broken part in its suspension system—very frustrating! Our problem is that we naturally don’t honor God—we don’t adore Him. That is our broken something—the condition of our soul. That is our sin of disobedience to God: our lack of love for Him!
We have the divine emptiness of heart, for God separated Himself from us when He told Adam to leave the Garden. Yes, we have this Ad-amic guilt and perturbation that is alive and persisting in our souls! (cf. Rom 5:12) Guilty, we felt empty, blind, without truth—no feeling of reconciliation and acceptance of heaven.
The Lack of the God of Truth in the Life
The lack of the God of truth in the life is our biggest problem as already argued above. I was once teaching, and my fellow college instructors were Catholic nuns and Marist Brothers. I was hoping to learn from them, for my heart was then searching for the fountain of Divine Truth. One of them told me to read the book titled, “Jonathan Living Seagull.” Or try “The Little Prince” or “The Negative Power of Positive Thinking.” Then a certain nun told me one day that I should know the tradition and the church more for me to stop asking her tons of religious questions. In response, I said: “Sister, please give me the truth, not tradition; give me Bible, not the church.” Even the most religious of people who are not real Christians are continually searching for the God of truth. When the God of the Scriptures is missing in the heart, man will become like an engine that has malfunctioned because of some missing parts.
Wrote the apostle Paul that this emptiness of the heart is truth-hunger or God-hunger, for God is the truth. When a loved one dies, for example, the feeling of distress and shock will haunt our inner being, and our tendency is to blame God. “Lord, why did You allow this or that to happen; Lord, why are You so unfair?” It is the chorus of people in utter distress.
The apostle Paul said that you were “without hope and without God in the world.” (cf. Eph. 2:12) I think we feel empty since we don’t have a working hope, that is the hope of God; and that we don’t feel that we have a loving father-and-child relationship with Him. No perfect recipe can create a divine emptiness of the heart more than the absence of a supernatural sense of hope to ferry away our fears. Second is the lack of God to trust upon as Comforter in our distress and Savior in the hour of total confusion as when our world is hitting a dead end.
Man is Searching for an Answer to His Emptiness
Man’s common solution to assuage his inner struggle of emptiness is to find an answer from God. But, naturally, he doesn’t know where to find Him. Wrote the apostle Paul that the “natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; and he cannot understand them because they are spiritually appraised.” (1 Cor 2:14) He tries to read the Bible but finds history in it—nothing more.
Intrinsically, he tries to trust in his good works as a means to be noticed of or to be accepted by the heavenly Father. I knew of a friend who was frequenting his church to attend regular services while also giving if there’s an opportunity, generous donations to institutions and people in need in the community. I told him about Christ and His atoning blood. But he would just shrug off, for he was convinced that his giving ministry was enough to attract God. After all, he had paid already his passport to heaven through his continued giving to the poor. But Peter said:
"May your money perish with you, because you thought you could buy the gift of God with money!... knowing that you were not redeemed with perishable things like silver or gold from your futile way of life inherited from your forefathers, but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ.” (Acts 8:20 NIV; 1 Pet 1:18)
Trusting in his own efforts and plans to reach God, man learns to respect, praise and love himself more and more—even more than God, his Creator. But the more he loves himself, the farther he gets away from God—the more meaningless his life becomes!
The world is united in the thought that the greatest success secret is to love oneself above all. People coined such term as “self-confidence” or “good self-imaging” as chief themes of this success doctrine of rapturous self-love.
But the Bible requires us to love God first and with all our heart, mind and strength before we could have loved ourselves indeed. Reversing this formula is the one central cause of the miseries of the unsaved souls, those great men and women included, who are hopeless and lost spiritually. They are desperate when the certainty of death and the grave repeatedly harped in their mind and soul. They are like tormented beings inside themselves when the wrath of God will fall upon them because they don’t have the blood of Christ upon their souls.
Loving oneself more than God breeds inward emptiness that is louder and more profound. Wrote Ryle: “Your riches must be left at last. ‘Naked came we into the world, and naked must we go out.’ No light heart, no cheerful conscience, will you have in life...Of all your money or broad acres, you will carry nothing with you when you die. A few feet of earth will suffice to cover that body of yours when life is over. And then… you will find yourself a pauper to all eternity.”3 Loving oneself, therefore, more than loving our Creator, the true God of the universe, certainly, produces a heart-emptiness that is surely of the deepest dye.
Either Be Saved or Be Idolatrous
The truth-searching emptiness of the heart may lead one to embrace idolatry so seriously as we may have noticed in the history of civilization. Empty in the inside, people tend to follow an existing and familiar god or goddess. And that if they couldn’t find one, they would make one. It seems that the simple rule of life is this: Be a Christian (or be saved) or be idolatrous!
I had the opportunity of visiting Bali in Indonesia. Our tour guide told us that the Balinese people are mostly Hindus. Idolatry or we may call it “demon worship” is what you’ll find everywhere in Bali. It has ugly-looking idols anywhere—in the hotels, along the streets, in the houses, and in the buildings. You’ll find altars, from small- to large-size (with fresh offerings of foods, etc.), of the Balinese gods. I knew they were lost people, and that they were no different from the Filipino, who is also lost in the idols taught to him by the Catholic Church.
The Bible teaches that idolatry was there already after man’s Edenic life. Why because when the image of God was marred in man due to sin, his natural craving for a relationship with a personal god was not obliterated. It is still there inside his breast. Unforgiven, he invented his man-made gods in his sinfulness in the hope to give an answer to the divine emptiness of his heart. When the fingers of God wrote the Ten Commandments, He said: “You shall have no other gods before Me. You shall not make for yourself an idol, or any likeness of what is in heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the water under the earth. You shall not worship them or serve them; for I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God.” (Ex 20:3-5b) God commanded it, for man needed to be so commanded, for if he is not a Christian, he is idolatrous, naturally.
Imagine for a moment a highly learned man, who was a former member of the Congress of a particular country (yes, this is a true story of a real person!). Later on, he became a member of the judiciary. This man would not take the elevator every time he would report to his office in the morning just he could say the Rosary as he took the stairs.
What man was he—very, very godly? The perfect antithesis of his corrupt peers in the government. His godliness, however, is idolatrous, for the Rosary is a form of idolatry in the Catholic dogma. In short, he worshiped the wrong god; he had a god, but sad that it was just an idol; the Rosary is nothing, not even mentioned in the Scriptures.
Deifying Mary in the Rosary is a form of patent idolatry. The entrance of sin (through the disobedience of Adam—cf. Rom 5:12) marred the image of God in man. Hence, his worship was missed out and landed at the wrong god instead. Nevertheless, he had a sense of God (the image of God in him was not dead and silent!), only that this god-feeling was scrambled and marred by sin.
Man needs a band aid for the relief of the divine perturbation of his heart. The rule, therefore, is that he is either a true Christian or a true idolater.
You may say that Judaism or Islam does not support idolatry. As mentioned above, my answer is that anyone or anything that you have placed between you and the true God of the Bible is idolatry. Loving your job or wife or career, for example, more than God is idolatry. An addiction with the computer or a worship of the laws of God (Judaism) is idolatry. What about one’s unhealthy and extreme devotion to a violent faith and non-biblical religion such as Islamism?
What is the Big Deal About Truth?
The lack of truth in the heart and the hunger for the truth of God are concepts we are using here to trace the cause of this perturbed feeling of a downcast soul within us. Wrote David that God “desire truth in the innermost being.” (Ps 51:6b) The Liberals said that truth is relative, therefore, what’s the big deal with it—how does it help us in obtaining inner peace and ending at last our inner chaos and sense of meaninglessness? The lack of God’s truth, goes our thesis, is always the cause of our soul being distressed and limping inside of us. Yes, this truth is not just any truth. It is all about the truth of God. It is about Jesus Christ, who is the Truth—you are complete in Him (Col. 2:10).
The contention by the Liberals that truth is relative is not scriptural. By relative, it means that truth is not absolute. An example of it is the cliché that what is true in Japan may not be so in the Philippines. Another example is homosexuality. The Bible says that it is sin (1 Cor. 6:9-10). Whereas, the Liberals argued that the so-called third sex is now acknowledged and acceptable. Therefore, the Bible truth about homosexuality as sin is relative. It rather depends on the person or the Government leaders who are promulgating laws related to it. The problem with this conclusion is clear: the truth of everything now depends on the opinion of the one plowing its reality!
The Bible is God’s Word, and it says that truth (cf. John 14:6) is absolute. For example, it teaches that Christ is the Truth. You cannot say that “sometimes Christ is true, but sometimes, He is not. It depends on who's saying it.” That is wrong, no matter how much knowledge do you have in theology. It is even blasphemous, and even a serious sin for twisting the Scriptures. (cf. Rev 22:19; John 20:30-31; 2 Tim 3:16) It is wrong to say that ice is hot, because I am a Filipino, a Republican or because I am a college graduate. Truth is in the object being described, and not in the opinion of the one describing it. Ice won’t become hot because it was the mayor who said that it was hot. Truth stands, and no opinion can alter it for what it is, and it can defend itself, too. Hence, truth is absolute—and will hurt if you’ll mess it up.
Liberal Theologians want to teach that God does not hate sin. But the absolute truth is that God hates sin. Liberalism is on the rise in the churches, and that is the greatest hurdle that fundamental Christianity is now facing up. C. S. Lewis said that the devil is using liberalism, equality, and democracy as a strategy is combating Christianity and the Gospel. In his book titled “The Screwtape Letters,” Lewis wrote how can a deceived young Christian be so blinded by the social, political and philosophical doctrines of the day. “Uncle Screwtape,” the letter-writer in the story, the head demon, wrote to Wormwood, an apprenticed demon, about the progress of their joint demonic forces: “All is summed up in the prayer which a young female human is said to have uttered recently: ‘Oh God, make me a normal twentieth-century girl!’ Thanks to our labours, this will mean increasingly, ‘Make me a minx, a moron, and a parasite.’”6
It is a deep observation by Lewis. The modern young nominal Christian woman can be more seductive to men, unthinking, and a give-me-this-or-that type. It is all because of everything “modern,” and of the false teaching that truth is relative.
The devil succeeded in teaching that the Bible does not contain the absolute truth. In essence, people start to define hell, for example, as bad marriage or being jobless or sick. Crushing the divine authority of the Holy Bible, man’s experience of emptiness within could never find a place to rest.
Truth is Absolute
I became a Christian by the grace of God. The very first thing I thought was a great improvement to my character and being was my fresh attitude of giving God the glory in all of my life’s routine. I began to be more and more God-centered than self-centered. The emptiness that lived like a resident in my heart vanished away as soon as I embraced actually my Christian faith. I was born again—I was changed. I found life’s meaning—which I searched out for so long consistently—at last. And it happened right after having met by faith the God of the Holy Bible, the God of truth, Christ our Lord. (cf. John 14:6; 1:1;14; Titus 2:13)
How did it happen? Why the miraculous change inside my soul? My answer is that when I was told about the Gospel, I believed that it was the whole absolute truth; that Christ died for me and rose again to affirm the assurance of my eternal life. Our Lord said that, "… because I live, you will live also” (John 14:19b), and I believed it as the great, guaranteeing, and absolute truth for my soul. I believed in God’s Word as the absolute truth and believed and obeyed what it told me, and the perturbation and emptiness inside me disappeared as the peace of Christ started to populate my soul. (cf. John 14:27)
My Soul was No Longer Downcast Deep Within Me
Without Christ in my life, I was like one who was in the limbo of spiritual darkness: lost and struggling to understand my inner emptiness. My friends who were members of the Marist religious order of the Catholic persuasion failed to guide me to the truth. I noticed that they were also struggling to unravel the threads of their inner spiritual chaos.
One day, I asked a certain pastor about the death of my father, for which he showed to me the Gospel and from there, by God’s grace, I was saved.
After over 30 years from the very first time I heard the Gospel that Jesus Christ died for my sins and rose again—confirming thereby what He had promised to my soul—I could only say, together with the apostle Paul, that the Father in Heaven “rescued [me] from the domain of darkness, and transferred [me] to the kingdom of His beloved Son.” (Col 1:13)
My inner emptiness and the constant struggle for meaning was ruled by domain or kingdom of darkness. The devil was there, and his demons were there. Sowing confusion and chaos throughout the world was their primary mission. Today, they are active in all forms of Hitler-like madness. Think about the cause of the religion-inspired fighting in the Middle East and elsewhere where there are people who are willing to kill and die in the name of their god. Who do you think is the god of these brutal fighters—who’s behind their merciless killings?
All who are not saved by trusting in the shed blood of the Savior Jesus Christ are in this domain of darkness right now. They are waiting unknowingly for you and me to share to them the Gospel. It is the Good News that, if they would only believe, they could be saved and catapulted from the domain of darkness to the kingdom of Light, to the kingdom of God the Son. Sad that some of them in that dark kingdom are people we know, and perhaps some others are our loved ones and close relatives!
There is always a spiritual struggle and emptiness in the life of the unsaved because only in Christ can there be light and truth and divine peace. (cf John 8:12; 14:6; 27) In Ephesians 4:17-24, the apostle Paul delineated the life of the lost and the truth-hungry. He wrote about how to drive out the emptiness of our heart and how to drive in a new life of peace, and a life that is being reborn into the likeness of God:
So this I say, and affirm together with the Lord, that you walk no longer just as the Gentiles also walk, in the futility of their mind, being darkened in their understanding, excluded from the life of God because of the ignorance that is in them, because of the hardness of their heart; and they, having become callous, have given themselves over to sensuality for the practice of every kind of impurity with greediness.
But you did not learn Christ in this way, if indeed you have heard Him and have been taught in Him, just as TRUTH is in JESUS, that, in reference to your former manner of life, you lay aside the old self, which is being corrupted in accordance with the lusts of deceit, and that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind, and put on the new self, which in the likeness of God has been created in righteousness and holiness of the truth.” (Eph. 4:17-24; Emp. supplied.)
In the book titled, “The Mark of Jesus,” I found a quotation written by Agustine in his biography, “The Confessions”. It tells of his inner chaos, the emptiness and the inner struggles against sin in his heart, which was melted away like ice after experiencing the God of truth and His forgiveness:
my heart… could not see the difference between love’s serenity and lust’s darkness. Confusion of the two things boiled within me… sweeping me through the precipitous rocks of desire to submerge me in a whirlpool of vice... I was tossed about and split, scattered and boiled dry in my fornications. And you were silent... I attribute to your grace and mercy that you have melted my sins away like ice.7
I find the following lyrics of the hymn titled, Oh, It Is Wonderful to Be a Christian—words and music by John W. Peterson (© John W. Peterson Music Co.)—to be descriptive of the new life in Christ. It tells about the experience of utter meaninglessness within that has been reversed itself into an absolute experience of the soul: a triumphant gladness of heart and the conscious and constant fellowship with the risen Savior and Lord. But what will surprise the unbelievers most is that all Christians for over 2000 years have shared the same testimony that we “find mercy there and grace for ev'ry need.” The feeling of emptiness disappears, as the new life in Christ begins.
Life has purpose now it never had before.
There is meaning to each day and even more;
For a joy and peace I can't explain is mine,
Since I found new life in Christ, my Lord divine.
Oh, it is wonderful to be a Christian;
Oh, it is wonderful to be God's child!
Oh, it is wonderful to have your sins forgiven;
Oh it is wonderful to be redeemed, justified, forever reconciled!
I can go directly to the Lord in prayer.
He has told me I may boldly enter there,
And He listens as His promises I plead.
I find mercy there and grace for ev'ry need.8
The Challenge
Trust in Christ Jesus if you want that disquieting emptiness within you to go away! “Come to Me,” Christ said. It is God’s challenge; His invitation for our soul. Be saved by believing in Jesus and accepting all His claims as God, for the apostle Paul or your wife or husband cannot believe it for you. Believe if you want peace and joy in believing: “Now may the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, so that you will abound in hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.” (Rom 15:13) Or, reject and don’t believe in Christ and keep that emptiness ringing incessantly in your heart as you journey through life. Be like one who is without the Hope, the Light and the Truth of God, who is Jesus Christ, our Lord. (cf. 1 Pet 1:3; John 8:12; 14:6)
Faith in Christ is the only way to give your guilt-loaded and downcast soul the joy and satisfaction that it persistently demands. Drive away that perturbing emptiness of your heart by taking our Lord’s prescription or promise to have it cured:
Peace I leave with you; My peace I give to you; not as the world gives do I give to you. Do not let your heart be troubled, nor let it be fearful. (John 14:27)
——————
Notes
1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Thinker
2 John Charles Ryle, Old Paths (The Banner of Truth Trust, Edinburgh, U.K., First Published, 1878, Reprinted 2005), p 42-43.
3 Ibid., p. 50.
4 Ibid., p 161.
5 Matthew Henry, Matthew Henry’s Commentary on the Whole Bible (Hendrickson Pub-lishers, Inc., 1991), p. 23.
6 C. S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters (HarperCollins Publishers, New York, NY 1002, 1996) p. 200.
7 Timothy George & John Woodbridge, The Mark of Jesus ( Moody Publications, Chicago, 2005), p. 43.
8 http://hymnal.calvarybaptistsv.org/302.html (accessed 6/13/2015).
0 comments:
Post a Comment